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Protein Expression SystemsIntroduction

Through years of development, KMD Bioscience has established a comprehensive technical support system for recombinant protein expression and purification, protein fermentation, and process development at laboratory and pilot scales. Our scientists, all from biopharmaceutical companies, possess 5-8 years of experience in human protein-based drug development. They have in-depth knowledge of recombinant protein product development under GMP regulations, QC quality control systems, document traceability, and other ICH and GMP guidelines.

KMD Bioscience is committed to providing users with high-purity, low-cost recombinant protein reagents, such as proteins, cytokines, various receptors, biologically toxic genes, viral antigens, transcription factors, and chemokines, to meet diverse needs in midstream and downstream research experiments. Our delivered proteins can be used for drug research, antibody preparation, animal experiments, ELISA, crystal structure studies, in vitro enzyme activity assays, cell experiments, and more. Additionally, we provide customized recombinant protein expression and preparation research. Our scientists have extensive experience in yeast recombinant protein expression, fermentation, and purification. They can rapidly develop customized protein yeast expression strategies for different clients and offer various scales of protein yeast fermentation, such as using a 500L fermenter. Combined with our protein purification platform, this enables the acquisition of high-quality recombinant protein products within a relatively short cycle.

In vitro recombinant protein expression and preparation typically involve technical details like host selection, gene synthesis, and vector construction. Clients only need to provide us with a protein sequence, CDS, or protein name, and our experienced scientists can formulate a complete protein expression and purification plan for you within a short timeframe.

System Classification

Expression System

Prokaryotic E. coli Expression System

Yeast Expression System

Mammalian Cell Expression System

Insect Baculovirus Expression System

Advantages

(1) Clear genetic background.

(2) Fast reproduction, low cost, high expression yield.

(3) Stable 2H/13C/15N isotopic labeling technology.

(4) Broad application scope.

(1) Does not produce toxins; high safety reliability.

(2) Capable of post-translational processing of expressed products, maintaining product activity and stability.

(3) Secretes expression products extracellularly, facilitating purification.

(4) Clear genetic background.

(5) Relatively complete expression system.

(6) Rapid growth and proliferation.

 

(1) Genes expressed in mammalian proteins have glycosylation types and patterns consistent with natural proteins and can correctly assemble into multi-subunits.

(2) Capable of achieving high density in suspension culture or serum-free medium, with culture volumes exceeding 1000L.

(1) High safety, posing no harm to humans or environmental pollution.

(2) Shorter vector construction cycle compared to mammalian systems.

(3) Can accommodate large foreign DNA insertions, ideal for expressing large DNA fragments.

(4) Capable of achieving high-level recombinant protein expression.

(5) Has the ability to express multiple genes simultaneously within the same cell.

Disadvantages

(1) Lacks eukaryotic transcription and post-translational modification functions; cannot perform glycosylation or phosphorylation; difficult to form correct spatial conformational folding.

(2) Expressed proteins are often insoluble, forming inclusion bodies.

 

(1) Foreign expressed proteins are susceptible to degradation by self-secreted proteases.

(2) Relatively long fermentation cycle, prone to contamination.

(3) Although capable of glycosylation, it is of the mannan type, different from mammalian cells.

(1) Compared to E. coli, expression levels in mammalian cells are lower.

(2) Time required to obtain high-expression cell lines is longer.

(3) Cost of large-scale culture is high.

(1) The issue of recombinant protein degradation is common in BEVS.



Differences in Heterologous Protein Expression Systems

E. ColiYeast CellsInsect CellsMammalian Cells
Gene TransformationHeat shock, ElectroporationHeat shock, ElectroporationViral infection 

Lipofection, Electroporation, Retrovirus, Lentivirus, Adenovirus

Host Cell Doubling Time

10~30 min1~3 h16~24h

 none

Experimental Timeline

3-7 days1-2 weeks2-4 weeks1-2 days

Expression Level

0.1~1.0 g0.1~1.0 g0.1~100 mg0.01~10 mg

Overall Cost

Low

 Low Medium High

Phosphorylation

None 

Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine

Glycosylation

None 

Mannan High-Mannan Complex


Commonly Used Expression Vectors

1. E. coli Protein Expression System:

pET series vectors are currently the preferred choice for recombinant protein expression in E. coli. They have the lowest basal expression level, and target protein expression is regulated by inducer (IPTG) concentration. The T7 RNA polymerase mechanism is highly efficient and selective; upon full induction, almost all cellular resources are directed towards protein expression.

2. Yeast Protein Expression System:

Yeast Protein Expression System:

Common vectors for intracellular expression include pPIC3K and pPIC3.5K, while pPIC9K is commonly used for secretory expression. The selection marker for all is His4.

3. Insect Protein Expression System:

Common expression vectors include pFastBac1, pFastBacHT, and pFastBacDual. The commonly used expression cells are Sf9 cells.

4. Mammalian Protein Expression System:

Commonly used expression vectors include pcDNA3.1, pCEP4, pATX1, etc. Commonly used expression cells are HEK293 and CHO-K1 cells.


Protein Purification Services

KMD Bioscience can provide recombinant protein expression services based on the four major expression systems. We can select different expression and purification strategies according to client needs to facilitate their research experiments.

KMD offers both native and recombinant protein purification services. The company provides affinity purification, size-exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.

1. Affinity-Tagged Protein Purification: For proteins containing affinity tags, affinity chromatography is typically the first step. Subsequent purification steps are chosen based on the obtained protein purity, properties, and the location of impurities.

2. Inclusion Body Protein Purification: For proteins expressed in inclusion bodies, purification is generally performed prior to refolding. The refolding buffer is screened through multiple rounds until the optimal buffer is selected. Common refolding methods include: (1) Dialysis and Diafiltration; (2) Gradient Refolding; (3) Matrix-Assisted Methods: HIC, SEC, etc.; (4) Molecular Chaperones; (5) Small Molecule Additives.

Protein Industrial-Scale Fermentation and Lyophilization Platform

Simultaneously, KMD Bioscience has established a comprehensive large-scale protein fermentation and purification platform, capable of providing clients with industrial-scale fermentation technical services to meet their needs for large-scale protein expression and preparation.

Large-Scale Protein Fermentation Service Content

Prokaryotic Protein Expression System

 

Yeast Protein Expression System

Insect Protein Expression System

Mammalian Cell Protein Expression System

*Gene optimization

*Expression vector construction

*Small-scale expression identification

*Expression condition optimization

*Large-scale fermentation for protein production

*Large-scale protein purification

*Gene optimization

*Expression vector construction

*Positive strain screening

*High-copy strain screening

*Engineering strain domestication

*Expression condition optimization

*Large-scale protein expression & purification

*Gene optimization

*Expression plasmid construction

*Generation of P1 virus & small-scale expression test

*Expression optimization & testing

*Large-scale virus preparation

*Large-scale recombinant protein expression & purification

*Gene optimization

*Expression plasmid construction

*Transient protein expression

*Stable cell line screening

*Culture condition optimization

*Expression condition optimization

*Large-scale protein preparation & purification

KMD Bioscience's customized high-speed automated filling line can accommodate 0.1-10ml vials. Combined with our large-scale lyophilization equipment, we can provide clients with one-time protein aliquoting and lyophilization services for 100,000 vials (3ml each). The lyophilization process is complex and variable, influenced by numerous factors. With years of experience in protein research, KMD Bioscience is well-versed in lyophilization principles and operations. We can provide a complete solution based on client research needs. We can assist in selecting appropriate lyophilization conditions, optimizing and establishing the lyophilization process, particularly for lyophilized formulation studies. Based on our complete production process line, we can also deliver the final finished product directly to the client.

Characters of Our Protein Expression Services

--We offer diversified services including plasmid construction, gene expression analysis, and recombinant protein expression to meet your diverse experimental needs.

--We have constructed pCold series vectors containing cold-inducible expression elements and engineered pET vectors to obtain dual-expression plasmids, safeguarding our clients' protein expression requirements.

--We formulate complete construction, expression, and purification plans within a short time based on client sample characteristics. We possess rich experience in recombinant protein preparation: having successfully prepared thousands of recombinant proteins for clients, including recombinant antibodies, secreted proteins, transmembrane proteins, proteases, etc., with a high success rate.

--We possess fermentation equipment of various scales: from 10L to 500L fermenters, meeting client needs for different fermentation volumes and expression systems in both research and production.

--We have high-quality industrial-grade lyophilizers capable of providing protein lyophilization services for 100,000 vials (3ml each).

--With a well-established protein platform, strict quality control systems, and skilled experimental personnel, we can provide downstream services related to proteins.

--Project Tracking: A regular reporting mechanism ensures you can remotely monitor experimental progress, with full project transparency.


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