Interferon

Interferons are a class of cytokines with broad-spectrum antiviral activity and immunomodulatory functions, classified by structure and origin into type I (IFN-α/β), type II (IFN-γ), and type III (IFN-λ). Through mechanisms such as inducing antiviral protein expression, enhancing NK cell and CTL killing activity, and upregulating MHC molecule expression, they play a key role in antiviral immunity, anti-tumor surveillance, and immune homeostasis maintenance, and also serve as important effector molecules in clinical immunotherapy.