Transporter Proteins

Transporter proteins are membrane proteins embedded in biological membranes that mediate transmembrane transport of substances, including ABC transporters, solute carrier families, and aquaporins. Through active transport or facilitated diffusion, they selectively mediate the entry and exit of ions, sugars, amino acids, drugs, and metabolites from cells or organelles, playing a key role in nutrient uptake, waste excretion, and signaling molecule delivery.