Kinases

Kinases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules to substrate proteins, regulating substrate activity, subcellular localization, and protein interactions through phosphorylation. They serve as key nodes in core signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK-STAT, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and metabolism. Kinase dysfunction is closely associated with various tumors and inflammatory diseases, making them core targets in anticancer targeted drug development.