CAR-T

CAR-T, or chimeric antigen receptor T cells, are created through genetic engineering by coupling a single-chain antibody fragment that recognizes tumor antigens, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular T-cell activation signal domain into a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is then introduced into T cells. This enables the T cells to directly recognize and bind to antigens on the surface of tumor cells without relying on MHC molecule-mediated presentation. After in vitro expansion, these T cells are reinfused into the patient, thereby providing a novel form of cancer immunotherapy that efficiently and precisely kills tumor cells. This approach has achieved breakthrough efficacy in hematologic malignancies and is gradually expanding into the field of solid tumors.