Small Molecule/Metabolite Detection

Small-molecule and metabolite-detection molecules are reagent and tool-molecule sets for quantitative and qualitative detection of endogenous small-molecule substances and metabolites in life-science research, holding broad application value in metabolomics, lipidomics, oxidative-stress and energy-metabolism research, pharmacokinetics and toxicology analysis, and clinical biochemical assays. These molecules include: metabolite and substrate standards (glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, glutamine, cysteine, arginine, ATP and AMP, NADH and NADPH, reduced and oxidized glutathione GSH and GSSG, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation MDA and 4-HNE, nitric oxide and nitrate, uric acid, creatinine, urea, ammonia, bilirubin, free fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, various amino-acid standards, ATP luminescence reagents); fluorescent and chemical probes (ROS probe DCFH-DA and DCF-DA, DHE superoxide probe, HPF and DPPP hydroxyl-radical probes, MitoSOX mitochondrial superoxide probe, JC-1 mitochondrial-membrane-potential probe, Annexin V apoptosis probe, calcium indicators Fura-2, Fluo-4, Fluo-3, and genetically encoded GCaMP, rhodamine and fluorescein dyes, genomic DNA dyes DAPI and Hoechst); enzyme-activity assay kits (ALT, AST, LDH, CK and CK-MB, Cr, UREA, UA, TP, ALB, ALP, ACP, ChE, GGT, lipase, amylase, carbonic anhydrase); luciferase luminescence reagents (firefly luciferase, Renilla and Nano-Glo dual-luciferase reporter reagents for ATP, luciferase activity, reporter expression, proliferation, and toxicity); and metabolomic and lipidomic analysis reagents (stable-isotope internal standards, derivatization reagents such as silylation, lipophilic-metabolite extraction reagents, chromatography columns and analytical standards). These reagents and probes provide key quantitative tools and methodological support in cell and tissue metabolic-state analysis, energy-metabolism and oxidative-stress mechanism research, pharmacokinetics and toxicology evaluation, and clinical diagnostic testing.