Hapten Modification

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* Identification results of modified small molecule derivatives by LC-MS.

1-2 weeks

Complete Antigen Preparation

Ovalbumin (OVA)

* Identification results of complete antigen by SDS-PAGE, UV, or MALDI-TOF.

1-2 weeks

Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH)

Human Serum Albumin (HSA)

Human γ-Globulin (HGG)

Phage Antibody Library Preparation

Antigen emulsification & immunization of 2-3 rabbits (2-3 times).

* PCR results, Immunoassay results (including ELISA titer and specificity data), Experimental records.

3-5 months

Collection of spleen cells (or PBMCs) & isolation of variable region genes.

Phagemid construction, transfection and expression, library construction.

Antibody screening, subcloning, antibody expression.

Ascites preparation, antibody purification.

Murine mAb

* Mature preparation techniques, commonly used model species.
* Low antigen requirement and cost-effective.
* Small batch-to-batch variation enabling rapid, continuous production.

Rabbit mAb

* Mature preparation system with relatively low cost.
* High specificity; exhibits higher affinity and activity compared to mouse antibodies.
* Broader antigen adaptability range.

Alpaca mAb

* Heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) with broad epitope binding capability.
* Enhanced stability due to structural disulfide bonds.
* Easier humanization process.

Ovine mAb

* Large size suitable for large-scale serum or antibody production.
* High antibody titer, stability, excellent commercial viability, and good applicability.
* Wide application scope covering diagnostics, therapeutics, and more.